Atlas · 632–1913

The Long War

Islam entered Europe as a conquering political religion — armies first, then jizya, dhimmi law, and in several periods forced conversion. The underlay is a real geographic map. Modern country names sit on it; italics are what that land was called at the year on the slider. Open Scripture for the verses the wars ran on.

Islamic rule
Still held (Istanbul / Anatolia / Maghreb)
Recovered by war
Never under Islamic government
Dead then (guess)
Today’s equivalent (comparison)

711

Islamic advance

Running total · guess

160,056

then · range 74,578–312,667

3,638,166

today · comparison only

this campaign 25,000 then · 550,661 today

711

Mapped land under Islamic rule 31% · running total 160,056 then · 3,638,166 today

Running total to 711 · a guess

All wars on this map from 632 through this year, added up. Not this campaign alone.

Then

160,056

Today · comparison

3,638,166

Of the 632–1913 total: 1,517,800 then · 13,657,795 today

Rollback cost to 711 · guess

Lives spent ending Islamic rule (counter-wars): 0 then · 0 today. Resources: $0 (2026 $, Europe + Barbary). Open Cost for America now.

Invasion · 711–720

Conquest of Visigothic Spain

Direction: into Europe

In 711 Tariq ibn Ziyad crossed Gibraltar with a mostly Berber army. King Roderic was destroyed at Guadalete. Musa ibn Nusayr followed. By the 720s almost the entire peninsula was under the Umayyads. This is the first lasting Islamic state on the European mainland.

On the ground. Cities that surrendered kept their churches under dhimmi terms. Those that resisted were sacked. North African and Arab settlers took land. Al-Andalus became a province of a caliphate whose capital was Damascus, then an independent emirate.

Conversion and force. Christians and Jews paid jizya, could not bear arms, and were legally below Muslims. Conversion to Islam removed the tax and the stigma. Over generations that pressure — plus later Almohad edicts that demanded convert-or-leave — Islamized much of the south.

How it was reversed. Christian resistance began in the Asturian mountains within a decade. Full political recovery took until 1492; remaining Muslims were later baptized by force or expelled.

Dead this campaign · guess

Then

25,000

8,000–60,000

Today · comparison

550,661

×22.0 pop. share

Guadalete plus the sack of resisting towns, 711–720. The 8th-century Chronicle of 754 is thin. This is a stab.

Collins, The Arab Conquest of Spain. No reliable field returns exist.

Running total to 711 · guess

Then

160,056

74,578–312,667

Today · comparison

3,638,166

1,693,698–7,110,286

Every campaign from 632 through this year, including a slice of corsair deaths. It climbs as you play.

A guess. Chronicles boast, graves were not counted, and historians fight over every theatre. Mid is a working figure for soldiers and civilians, both sides, in the European wars on this map — plus a slice of Barbary corsair deaths. It is not a census.

The steel figure is the same guess scaled to today’s population of this map (~800 million in 2026). A death in 711 counted for more of the living world than a death in 1912. It is a comparison, not a second body count, and not money inflation.

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